Sunflower Incorporated Case Study Solutions - 725 Words

Sunflower Incorporated case study Overview: Sunflower Inc. is a large distribution company with over 5000 employees that functions as a bureaucracy, which needs to formalize its pricing and purchasing practices. The company purchases and distributes snack foods to retail stores across North America. Sunflower has one corporate office and the company is divided into twenty-two regions. Each region operates as an autonomous small business, which consists of its own leadership. characterized by emphasis on being fast and flexible in responding to the environment. Even though Sunflower prefers to use the small business approach to increase profits the company as a whole is ill-equipped to respond to environmental and market shifts, as†¦show more content†¦Without a comprehensive understanding of company structure and culture, she suggested a solution after a mere three weeks. After a mere three weeks, she suggested a solution but did not communicate or liaise with managers and staff specialists who work with and through p eople to achieve organizational objectives, and OD can help them form effective relationships with others. As the above diagram , Planned change involves four sets of activities entering and contracting, diagnosing, planning and implementing, and evaluating and institutionalizing . Albanese approach may be typical for many organizations but unfortunately it doesnt return anticipated results for numerous reasons. Organizational development theory tells us that change, in order to be effective, must be led and managed. Albanese only provided a quick solution to what she regarded as a simple problem while making no efforts to establish a change plan that would have included such elements as providing the leadership and vision to promote the change, cultural assessment to align behavioral norms, communication and stakeholder management, performance management, training and development . Q2: What might Albanese have done differently? What should she do now? Answer: †¢ Ensure all analysis, information and resources are adequate to establish clarity of out come †¢ Involve all executives and managers as well as subordinate to increaseShow MoreRelatedBiodiesel Incorporated2799 Words   |  12 Pages! BIODIESEL INCORPORATED (Case Study p565-569) Joshua Maxwell shut down his laptop and looked out the window. From the second ï ¬â€šoor of the Graduate School of Management’s new building, he could see a number of cars driving on the nearby freeway and sitting in the adjacent parking lot. Josh was in his last term of the full-time MBA program at UC Davis. He would soon be graduating and entering a new chapter of his life. While he had the luxury of having several management-level job offers from whichRead MoreCC Grocery Stores2670 Words   |  11 PagesMGMT 5083 Analysis and Design of Organization Case Questions Chapter 1 - S-S TECHNOLOGIES INC. OBJECTIVES 1. To acquaint students with the case analysis method. 2. To observe structural and contextual variables in an organizational situation. 3. To redesign an ongoing organization. 4. To develop organizational structure for innovative employees. Like the Xerox case which opens Chapter 1, this case can serve as a point of reflection throughout the semester. More advancedRead MoreWipro Strategy3070 Words   |  13 PagesThe report also, in detail, documents the Milestones, SWOT analysis, current strategies and the future recommendations for Wipro Technologies. Introduction Wipro was started in the year 1945 in Maharashtra as an edible oil factory. It used to make Sunflower oil (Vanaspati) and 787laundry soap. Wipro’s expansion into various domains started in the early 70’s. Wipro created and marketed its first home grown PC in the year 1975. During the same era Indian government passed a law which restricted the foreignRead MoreRetailing Characteristics of Fast Food Stores and Their Impact on Customer Sales and Satisfaction29639 Words   |  119 Pagessatisfaction† By:- Rajul Bhardwaj Lecturer, Faculty of Management Studies, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar(Uttarakhand), India Table Of Contents:- ï  ¶ Chap-1 Introduction 1.1 Global Retailing Industry..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.2 The Far East Experience..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.3 The Changing Food Retailing sector in Asia.. 1.4 Recognition of a Problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.5 Objectives of the study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ï  ¶ Chap-2 Literature Review 2.1 Passage to India†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreAgricultural Science Sba12288 Words   |  50 Pagespreviously suppressed ammonia simply gasses off. Most of these products also carry OSHA warnings for the users ranging from mild irritant to the highly corrosive.[4] Other Amendments There have been a number of other substances used for ammonia control. A study in Finland found that Peat, which is high in humic acid, when used as poultry litter it was quite effective in controlling ammonia. A number of products have also appeared on the market using de-nitrifying or nitrogen-fixing bacteria.[4] At least oneRead MoreCase: Chester Wayne Essay18738 Words   |  75 Pageschallenges in 2010. Competitive pricing, rising commodity costs, and a weaker-than-anticipated economic recovery in developed markets hampered the performance of our more mature product lines, including Prepress Solutions, Digital Capture Devices, and Entertainment Imaging. In each case, we are aggressively addressing the issues specific to each business to ensure a more successful 2011. For example, to address profitability and demand challenges in the digital still camera market, we are pursuingRead MoreSexually Transmitted Diseases35655 Words   |  143 Pages100-113 Soils 114-128 Unit 6 Living things in the Environment Plant and animal cells 129 Eukaryotes vs prokaryotes 130 Structures and functions 133-137 Microbes 148-150 Onion and cheek cells 150-151 Ecological study 154 Seed structure and germination 155-157 Reproduction in plants 158-165 Sexually transmitted diseases 166-176 Birth Control and contraceptives 177-185 Effects on population growth 186-187 Drug and drug abuse 188-191 Read MoreAn Introduction to Hydrophonics and Controlled Environment Agriculture40110 Words   |  161 PagesProtection: Insects and Diseases Basic Principals of Hydroponics Transplant Production Pollination, Fertilization and Bee Management Fruit Harvesting, Grading and Storage Plant Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders Fertigation Systems and Nutrient Solutions Greenhouse Site Selection Greenhouse Structures Greenhouse Control Systems Greenhouse Energy and Resource Alternatives â€Å"Greening† the Greenhouse Greenhouse Marketing, Economics Business Plans Appendices CHAPTER 2: CHAPTER 3: CHAPTER 4: CHAPTERRead MoreFins3616 Answers Homework36964 Words   |  148 PagesSolutions End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems to accompany Multinational Finance by Kirt C. Butler Fourth Edition (2008) John Wiley amp; Sons PART I Overview and Background * Chapter 1 An Introduction to Multinational Finance * Answers to Conceptual Questions * 1.1 List the MNC’s key stakeholders. How doesRead MoreEmilio Jacintos Trading Cooperative19425 Words   |  78 Pageswith management and owners. In some cases, employees form worker-owned cooperatives. As the name suggests, a worker-owned cooperative is owned and controlled by its employees.4 Employees establish bargaining units and cooperatives in the hopes of increasing their wages and fringe benefits, improving their general working conditions, and ensuring job security. Cooperatives do not, as is sometimes assumed, contradict the goals of capitalism. If that were the case, cooperatives would not play such an

The Controversial Issue Of Abortion - 1683 Words

Soon the Supreme Court will hear the most controversial abortion case they have in a decade. The 2013 Texas House Bill 3994, was challenged due to indications that it may be unconstitutional and violate the â€Å"Undue Burden Clause† in the US Constitution, which states that a law cannot be restrictive or burdensome of one’s fundamental rights as a human and US citizen. With roughly half of the total 41 clinics closing after the law passed in 2013, women are now waiting longer and paying more for abortions (Goodnough, 2016). The Law, which went into effect January of this year, requires doctors to have admitting privileges at a hospital within 30 miles of the clinic and mandates that all clinics must be considered ambulatory surgical centers, meaning more equipment and higher costs (Hoffman, 2016). Those advocating for the law say they are only looking out for the safety of women. This statement stems from Kermit Gosnell, a Philadelphia doctor who was convicted in 2010 and charged with murder in 2013. The charges were the result of involuntary manslaughter in the case of a late-term abortion at a clinic that had not been inspected in 16 years. This new law hopes to combat such tragedies by requiring admitting privileges at local hospitals. Through the extensive process, unqualified doctors would be identified and those fit would be reviewed regularly (Hoffman, 2016). Unfortunately, this law appears to be somewhat unnecessary and burdensome. The new requirements put stress on theShow MoreRelatedThe Controversial Issue Of Abortion878 Words   |  4 Pagesrecent discussions of abortion, the controversial issue has become whether or not women should be given the right to take their unborn child’s life away. Many believe in all having the right to live while others believe in the right to be given a choice. Women do not want to be given restrictions, they want to be able to have a voice when making decisions. With abortion women have a hard tim e making their decision based upon the judgement others make if the decision of abortion is followed throughRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue1256 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion is a very controversial issue. To first start out abortion is the deliberate termination of a woman’s pregnancy, most often performed within the first 22 weeks of pregnancy. People can either be pro-choice or pro-life for abortion. Being pro-choice means that people believe that it is a woman’s choice to get an abortion if they want one. Pro-life means people believe no matter what if a woman is pregnant they should have the baby; no abortion. I intent to explain why women who get pregnantRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue Of Abortion Essay2668 Words   |  11 PagesAbortion is terminating a pregnancy before the fetus has been born. Abortion has been and still is very controversial and has had an increasing amount of cases all over the world. In 2000 there were over one million a bortions in the United States (Harper, et al., 501). Abortion is one of the most common procedures women undergo. According to the current abortion rates about thirty percent of women will have an abortion by the age of forty-five (Jones and Kavanaugh, 2011). Most abortions are attributedRead MoreThe Controversial Issue Of Abortion1555 Words   |  7 Pagestopic of abortion in the United States has been and remains one of the most controversial issues in western culture and politics. An abortion can be defined as the expulsion of a fetus from the uterus before it can survive on its own. This comprises two major forms of abortion: spontaneous, which is often referred to as a miscarriage or induced abortion, which is the deliberate termination of a pregnancy. The term is commonly used to refer to the induced abortion, and this is the abortion, which hasRead MoreThe Controversial Issue Of Abortion865 Words   |  4 Pages Today, people have the right to voice their thoughts regarding a topic, rather they’re different or alike, creating a new philosophy about it, or supporting the traditional belief. In regards to the topic, Abortion has been a subject of controversial matters. Some believing they have the right to do such an act while others would absolutely disagree. Before supporting such an act or not, we typically take into consideration the goods and bads of the action first. While taking a life might be oneRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue911 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion is a controversial issue in many countries all the time and there are always two sides of abortion. Pro-life supporters believe that abortion is immoral, so they argue that it should be illegal because an unborn baby is life. However, they do not figure out that woman who is on the inevitable situation such as infection, rape, or extreme poverty would still have the abortion even though the abortion is illegal. Many women die due to unsafe abortion, which is illegal and performed by uneducatedRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue843 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion Abortion has been a very controversial issue in the United States for the past several decades. Many people think that is it morally wrong. To say that something is morally wrong is an opinion. Since everyone’s opinions are different on this topic there have been many court cases and protests against abortion. However there are a lot of people out there that believe that abortion is a rightful decision. My personal opinion on the abortion controversy is that every woman should have theRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue882 Words   |  4 Pagesconsider abortion as a rightful act, and abortion is a name of destroying human life. Now a days our society faces several types of issues Abortion is one of the complicated issue for both ways health and society that’s why abortion become a very controversial issue that’s become debatable in politics. In addition, these researches will describe the different issues of abortion, such as, legal laws on abortion, res triction of abortions, rate of abortion and consequences of the abortion. Abortion isRead MoreAbortion: a Controversial Issue1159 Words   |  5 PagesAbortion: A Controversial Issue One of the major controversial issues confronting the society today is abortion. I choose abortion as the topic of discussion since it contradicts my values and beliefs. Abortion is the extraction of the human fetus from the mothers womb with an intention to end the life of that fetus prior to its natural birth. The controversy surrounding abortion is whether it should be legalized or not? In my opinion, abortion is morally and ethically wrong because it leadsRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue989 Words   |  4 Pagesaverage total of abortions performed annually in America (operationrescue.org). Abortion is a very controversial issue in the United States and all across the globe. First, I will discuss the different types of abortion. Next, I will explain when the abortions are performed. Then, I will share some of the laws regarding abortion in the United States. Finally, I will express my views on abortion. Abortion should be illegal in all states. First, I will discuss the various types of abortion. There are three

Crucible Characters Description Essay Example For Students

Crucible Characters Description Essay Giles Corey, Rebecca Nurse, and John Proctor all have something in common whichendanger them when the witch-hunt begins. The play, The Crucible, by ArthurMiller is a portrayal of the Salem witch trials. In the play there are threecharacters, Giles, Rebecca, and John all die at the end. These three people allhave something in common which endangers them during the witch-hunt and laterleads to their death. The one thing that these three people have in common isthat they are all full of pride. One of these people is Giles Corey. In the playhe is killed for two different things. One thing was that he would not giveDanforth the name of the person who told him that Thomas Putnam was trying toget rid of the people in the town so that he could buy their land when they weregone. This is what originally got him arrested. Later they charged him as awitch and he would not answer his indictment. Because he didnt answer hisindictment they could not charge him with being a witch. Therefore, he save d hisname and his pride. Another person who has the same thing in common with Gilesis Rebecca. Throughout the play there are time where she shows the reader thesequalities. When she is faced with something she will always follow her religion. Never will she go against her religion even if it means to save her life. Anexample from the book is when she is in court and in jail Hale is begging withher to confess. She will not confess and she is later hung. Because of herstubbornness or pride she lost her life. Another person is John proctor who alsohis pride gets in the way of his decision making. One reason, which goes alongwith most of the people, was that he did not confess in the court. Later in thestory, however, he does decide to confess. He signs the papers and everything. He is fine with this until he finds out that the signed confession will beposted on the door of the church. When he finds this out he then rips up thepaper and does not confess. He is also hung for this and all because he wantedto save his name. In The Crucible many people were falsely accused and murderedfor no reason. These three people could have prevented their own death if itwere not for their pride. All they had to do was confess and spend some time injail and that would be it. Because they wanted to save their names and pridethey all ended up killing themselves.

Poaching in Africa free essay sample

The verb poaching, according to the Oxford Dictionary, is defined as, [to] illegally hunt or catch (game or fish) on land that is not ones own or in contravention of official protection. While this definition is quite solid, it does not convey the true atrocities that happen during poaching is or why people poach, though both are necessary understand what makes poaching so bad for the environment and dangerous to the human species in general. Poaching is a barbaric, dangerous, and illegal act which should have more public attention and should be fought more gainst. One of the two major reasons people poach is for food. Hunting for food in of itself does not lead to poaching; as in many regions around the world, such as the US, allow people to hunt traditional foods, deer and rabbits being a good example. However in the many nations of Africa bushmeat, meat which was traditionally hunted in the wilds otherwise known as the bush of Africa, has spread into a massive trade. We will write a custom essay sample on Poaching in Africa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although the hunting of bushmeat itself is not illegal many animals that make up traditional bushmeat are primates, who are losing their homes due to he deforestation of Africas Jungles, and therefore are on the endangered species list. And although hunting of many primates, who in recent times have been accepted as very intelligent creatures, is illegal they are extremely vulnerable to bushmeat hunters because it is very hard to simply stop people from hunting their traditional foods. One study in Cameroon showed that among the poor families bushmeat made up 20% of the meat they ate (Lerner). Growing African cities also play a role in the distribution of the bushmeat, because the more they grow the loser they get to rainforests and now poachers have a larger market to sell to. Finally when logging companies are hired to clear space for roads to be built, companies encourage employees to kill the local wild life for food, rather than have to deal with the logistics sending food to the logging camps (Lerner). These logging camps often serve a role in the hunting of bushmeat by sending the meat back to officials in the company who can sell it on the worldwide black market. However, with the ease of hunting of bushmeat in Africa, the illegal trade is on he upswing and does not only affect Africa, but Europe and many parts of Asia as well. Getting bushmeat into Europe is often achieved through smuggling the bushmeat in. However in many parts of Asia bushmeat although illegal, is less often checked for and more easily snuck in than in Europe, however that does not imply that bushmeat rarely gets into European nations. In fact according to studies, roughly five tons of bushmeat is snuck into Paris through its main airport, Roissy- Charles de Gualle airport, on a weekly basis (Lerner). To top it off the five tons represent a single airport in a single European city This implies hundreds ot tons ot bushmeat is snuck into Europe weekly, and assuming an equal amount or greater is shipped to Asian nations, that would bring the weekly smuggling amounts of bushmeat out of Africa to a minimum of roughly eight hundred tons. And then you add to the native African population of who, as previously noted, often eat bushmeat you have a number of tons that one can only speculate at perhaps, it could reach 5,000 tons for all we know. And when one asks, how could some many animals be illegally poached and hunted that these ridiculously large numbers of lack market bushmeat to exist? The answer no one truly knows because the protection on the wildlife in Africa is almost nonexistent. The second reason why people poach is for money. Often times the poaching is done for the fur of an animal or other parts of its body that will either not grow back, or be harvested easily, such as ivory and claws. This kind of poaching is the most familiar kind to westerners and has been commended by many nations around the world. Governments even give money to other nations to assure that the animals that are targeted get proper protection. Many nations in Africa have accepted the money to protect their endangered species and species which are often poached, however in recent times elephant and rhino poaching has increased (Department of Environmental Affairs Republic of South Africa). The reason for the increased poaching is twofold. The first reason is due to the demand of ivory on the black market in nations such as China. This is a serious problem because China is a major investor in Africa and could easily end most of the poaching which is taking place there, but does nothing to stop it (Elephant Slaughter: Editorial). The reason why is not clear, but it is assumed that it is because Chinas leaders do not want to fess up to the amount of animals they caused to die. The second reason for increased poaching is that Africa is warlords. Warlords in Africa in order to fund their armies, poach elephants, take their ivory and sell it on the black market (which eventually makes its way to China). The warlords have the equipment the murder of elephants and can easily overpower the rangers who protect the wildlife preserves and still make enough money to continue their acts of terror on the humans of the area. However the way in which the poaching done is equally as disturbing to the crimes the armies commit against people. There are stories of how entire herds of elephants were slaughted from the sky by military helicopters, their tusks cut out, and their bodies left to rot (Elephant Slaughter: Editorial). These wrongs cant be allowed to be continued. There are many reasons why poaching should be discontinued, however when the reasons are broken down you have four general categories. The first reason people should stop poaching is because of biodiversity. The world is a beautiful and its life is uite diverse, however due to many environmental factors and human factors the world is becoming less and less diverse. One such human factor is poaching. The second reason people should quit poaching is that it ruins the natural course of evolution. The logic behind this is that the poachers dont hunt the weakest wolves or the chinchillas with an odd color fur, poachers only hunt the finest creatures of a species and when they do it allows the weakest to survive. Although nothing sounds wrong with this with a casual observation when looked at in depth it makes sense. For example due to elephant poaching over the last century, the amount of elephants without tusks has increased from 2% of the total population to 38%. Although this may sound great because now those elephants wont be poached, it is a false hope because elephants without tusks are missing the tools used for digging for water and roots, foraging, and competing for a mate. So, not only do the tusk-less elephants die of dehydration and starvation, they also do not mate as often. The third reason for stopping poaching is that African warlords make money and supply their troops hrough poaching. If wildlife preserves were better protected, and the park rangers given better equipment to protect them, warlords would be crippled financially and stopped easier. Finally due to the hunt of bushmeat and the close contact that occurs when a person is exposing a primates bodily fluids, while either gutting them, eating them, skinning them, or encountering any liquids from the primates bodies, may cause a new viral infection that can cross from their species to ours (Alic). This is incredibly dangerous and totally possible, because the virus that causes AIDS and the SARS outbreak were caused by human interaction with chimpanzees and bats, respectively (Lerner). This is even more dangerous because the longer the logging crews stay in the Jungle the more surrounded they are by new viruses and bacteria, and the higher the chance that the viruses mutate and affect humans. In summary due to poaching a viral disease can spread that could cripple the human race. Poaching is a wrong, brutish, and simply cruel act. It is the funding behind many a African warlord, the destruction of the bio-diversity of the planet, and the cause of a otential virus which can severely cripple the human race. However, even with all these reasons to stop, poaching still continues. Poaching is a complex problem and cannot be solved simply, but there are three steps which can be taken to stop poaching. The first involves giving food to the hungry, so they wont have to poach or buy bushmeat from poachers. The second regards the forcing logging companies to figure out the logistics to send food to men in logging camps. The third and final way to end poaching is by putting higher security on nature reserves, and equipping the angers with the proper tools to defend against warlords and their armies.

I Am Purely Amazed By The Astonishing Personal Revolution By Which A S

I am purely amazed by the astonishing personal revolution by which a simple inarticulate man transformed himself into the Mahatma, who ushered the British Empire out of India without even firing a shot. In the age of Empire and Military might he proved that the powerless had power and that force of arms would never prevail against force of spirit. Based on all this, Mahatma Gandhi surely deserved an award, which spoke of his efforts, his fight for freedom and justice and all his other contributions to this world. This award could be given to a few other people also who have been great reformers. It could be given to one who is a reformer, who has fought for the rights of the people, one who has fought against all the injustice, malpractices of this world, for the oppressed people. One who does not use his status, power and military to reform the world but his own might and that force of spirit to make this place a better world. One who displays the courage and conviction to stand for his beliefs. In short, he/she could be called the guiding light for peace in this world. Gandhi's concept of nonviolent resistance liberated one nation and sped the end of colonial empires around the world. His marches and fasts fired the imagination of oppressed people everywhere. Millions sought freedom and justice under Mahatma's guiding light. He proclaimed the power of love, peace and freedom. He fought for the rights of the Indians, for their freedom from the British. His principles surely made a difference in this world. In spite of being treated rudely and paying all sorts of penalties, he was never deterred. Many people, organizations and awards have already acknowledged Gandhi for his efforts. Recently he was rated the runner up Person of the Century second only to the great scientist Albert Einstein who had himself said that " the future generations will scarcely believe that such a man in flesh and blood, had tread this earth." in reference to Mahatma Gandhi. The British Broadcasting Corporation also voted him as the Man of the Millennium. Gandhi is a great man held in universal esteem, a figure lifted from history to moral icon. I would want to show my respect and reverence for him and also want to express that his efforts have not gone in vain and today even the children who are the future generation of this world remember and respect his work. I would like to call this award the "Life and Leaders" award. It would be given to a living or a dead person every year. I would first like to honor the so-called Father of the nation by the Indians, Mahatma Gandhi, by this award.

Homelessness Essays - Homelessness In The United States, Free Essays

Homelessness Essays - Homelessness In The United States, Free Essays Homelessness The Stewart McKinney Act of 1987 defines a homeless person as Aone who lacks a fixed permanent nighttime residence, or whose nighttime residence is a temporary shelter, welfare hotel or any public or private place not designated as sleeping accommodations for human [emailprotected] (583). Included in the homeless population are people who stay with friends or family for a short period of time and then decide to find shelter on the streets because of conflict with the people whom they are staying with, or because of personal pride. In the early 1980=s homelessness was determined to be a major problem in the United States. These years saw a steep rise in the number of homeless, due to poor economy and diminishing financial help for housing and income. The homeless consist of all types, races, and ages of people. A large portion of the homeless population consists of men but the number of women and children living on the streets is on the rise. Current statistics show that women and children now make up around forty percent of the homeless population. According to John J. Macionis one-third of homeless people abuse drugs and one-fourth are mentally ill. The current homeless population is mostly non-white and has an average age of the middle thirties. Veterans make up about one-third of the total number of homeless men. The homeless all suffer from absolute poverty. As stated in 1995 by the United States government, 36 million people or 13.8% of the population was poor. The government defines a family of four as being poor if they generate a yearly income of $15,569 or less, although the average improvised family=s income was only around $10,000 in 1995. The Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics states, the average annual income of the homeless in Chicago was $1198 in 1996 (584). APerhaps we should not be surprised that one percent of our population, for one reason or another is unable to cope with our complex and highly competitive [emailprotected] (Macionis 183) According to the Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics homelessness in America has several causes. One such cause is the competitiveness of the business market. Companies are no longer as loyal to their employees as they used to be. Many corporations now use overseas laborers. Also, a diminishing amount of low-skill jobs, due to industrialization has increased the chances of low-skilled workers finding employment. The Chicago coalition for the homeless states that a person must be employed full time and earn more than $8.29 per hour in order to exceed the federal poverty level for a family of four. According to the 1997 census report 2.3 million people worked full time but were still below the poverty line (5). Another reason for the increased number of homeless is the lack of affordable housing, especially in urban areas. The Chicago Coalition for the Homeless reports that, nationally, 10.5 million low income renters compete for 6.1 million rental units that are within their price range, leaving 4.4 million without affordable housing (3). Many low-income areas are being bought out by wealthy entrepreneurs who remodel and restore them and restore them and sell them for a large profit. The mainstreaming of institutionalized mental patients is another reason for homelessness. According to Microsoft Encarta nationally 20-25% of the homeless population suffers from some sort of major mental illness (2). These people are less likely to be able to obtain support such as treatment, case management and the help that is necessary to find and maintain permanent housing. The most recent cause of homelessness in the United States is the Afeminization of [emailprotected] Because of the high expense of child care and the increasing numbers of single mothers, the number of homeless women and children is on the rise. According to Stacey Chambers the rise in the number of homeless women is partially due to domestic violence. In an interview of homeless mothers ninety-two percent had been assaulted at one time in their lives. More than half had suffered from bouts of major depression inther lives whereas only twenty percent of the United States female population had suffered from similar depression (2). Despite these facts and statistics, little else is known about these people. Most sociological surveys are conducted by phone or

World War 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

World War 2 - Essay Example To ensure that there was improvement of the social economy of the US, there had to be personal sacrifice. The personal sacrifice would be realized through payment of higher taxes funds. Also for sustainable development, the globe should have been founded upon vital freedoms of humans. The first of the four freedoms was that of expression and speech, freedom of worship, freedom from fear and freedom from want. According to this essay, a society that is good should have been in a position to face global domination schemes as well as foreign revolutions with no fear portrayed. The order of the world being sought as per the essay is that of cooperation as far as free nations was concerned, working as a friendly unit and as a society displaying civilization. (The ordeal of world war II, pp 228-230) The second essay is essay number five about a Japanese American reminiscing the impact of internment upon the unity of Family in 1942. As per the essay in 1942, the department of war took change of camps in entirety. Afterwards, machines of sewing were brought into the barracks and these barracks became transformed into a factory of clothing. Because of the bad conditions in the kitchens food got most of the soldiers sick with diseases like typhoid and other stomach ailments. The essay also says that the conditions of toilets were deplorable, that inside them, the floors were covered with human excrement and blocked bowls. All the toilet blocks were housed in similarly designed building blocks. Inside the toilet blocks, they were built in a similar type of design in ten camps. These camps ran from the California area all the way to Arkansas. Each block was a room that was totally open, built on a slab of concrete. Sinks were usually a metal trough that was long, put against a single wall and a spigots’ row with both hot as well as cold water. In the center of a room were a dozen toilet bowls arranged in pairs of six and these were

Book Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Book Questions - Essay Example The implication is that the world’s beautiful, precious and beautiful biodiversity get destroyed virtually every 20 minute. Since the trend of consumerism and therefore energy use is ever on the increase, biodiversity preservation measures must be taken to protect potential loss and extinction. Preservation of biodiversity, according to Friedman, is a duty that calls for multi-sectoral and multi-party approach, involving nations, corporations and individuals. World nations, led by the US have got a duty to reduce the use of carbon based fuels. In particular, they should construct an entirely new system of fuels that is clean, in the sense that they have no or little carbon emission, such as wind, solar and nuclear energy. These should be supplied to homes. The corporations have a duty to put measures calculated to minimize the use of carbon-based fuels, ensure efficient systems that do not blow much carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Individuals should also operate under minimu m energy use along reverting to environment friendly energy sources. Other than the loss of biodiversity, hot, flat and crowded world raise other ethical issues. ... In the long run, their (petrodicataors) pockets are unjustly enriched. Secondly, the energy crisis that characterizes the hot, flat and crowded eventually leads to wider gap between the rich (energy haves) and the poor (energy have nots) as the poor have their operations and daily life grounded due to escalated costs and energy scarcity. Finally, hot, flat and crowded world also disrupts sustainability of the environment for the future generation. As various corporations use carbon fuels, they emit more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, thereby raising the global temperature to greater heights. It means that the future generations will find the environment generally hostile for their living. And we are opening an ever wider gap between the energy haves and the energy have-nots, those who cannot take part in the â€Å"flat† world because they cannot switch on a light bulb, let alone a laptop. Friedman makes various arguments and suggestions to emphasize the importance of regu lation in reducing USA’s oil dependency. Freidman asserts that green-revolutionary regulations will be of essential to catalyze funding and development of petroleum free energy sources, such as wind, nuclear and solar. By adopting heavy carbon taxation or ensuring higher taxation of petroleum products, corporation that are responsible for heavy carbon emission will strive to revert to less carbon fuels. Individuals will also minimize energy use as they revert to using environment friendly fuels. Regulation would ensure that such desirable energy uses are fairly priced and affordable to many. Friedman’s suggestion is important considering that there are so many individuals who consume energy and if everyone was to cut-down energy use or lean much towards using

Descriptive Ethnography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Descriptive Ethnography - Essay Example The Hispanics as demonstrated by the young Hispanic female emphasize on respect on all their forms of communication and rarely initiate conversations since they prefer to be approached. Mostly, the Hispanics interpret eye contact as a more confrontational body language and further considers that being ignored is as a sign of disrespect and offensive. The Hispanics do avoid too much gesturing and insist on maintaining an accepting attitude. The Hispanics are never contented with some questions such as questions concerning immigration status and religion and are seen to be very expressive in communication. Majority of Hispanics are Roman Catholic which acts as the main source for both information and are also known to be people who are very proud of their heritage hence do not forget their origin (Roll & Irwin, 2008). A young Hispanic female around 19-20 talks on her cell phone while walking towards the cafeteria and is wearing a red jacket with SF 49’ers logo in the back. She m ust be a 49’ers fan or maybe because of the hotness of the 49’ers hence suggesting her love for hot things. The Hispanic girl wears big round gold earrings and has her nails painted red and well kept. She loves herself so much and adores elegance and fashion as the Hispanic culture explains. She looks fashionable and elegance as she puts her black backpack on her left shoulder. The backpack looks empty hence suggesting her love for stylishness. She wears blue jeans that look like the fancy type due to its washed out color and a logo. that is not recognizable. Her full tan purse on her right shoulder looks fuller than her backpack may be to show her adoption to the current trends and fashion of carrying purse. The purse may be carrying her make ups that ensure she looks beautiful all the time and anywhere. She walks so fast but she is not in a hurry maybe because of her fear for eyes and the fact that Hispanic culture does not recognize much the female gender. She must be hurrying to get away from the possible onlookers or admirers who may get a glimpse of her. She wears a smile on her face with her head rocking front and back perhaps to gain confidence. She does not seem to be having enough confidence especially when she is amidst many people. She does not seem to care about what happens around her as she hurriedly disappears into the cafeteria without looking sideways (Roll & Irwin, 2008). The patterns of communication amongst the African Americans are mostly familiar with Anglo American patterns. The African Americans are largely affected by the past incidents of racism and sense of subjection in their interactions thus making them show respect at all times while communicating. This group of people believe in a prolonged eye contact which is always seen as confrontational or aggressive and would mostly seek assistance from the religious leaders if need arose (Pinn, Finley & Alexander, 2009). The African Americans do not address people by their first names which are construed as lack of respect but may use the first names if they are urged to do so. This group of pe

Life In The Information Age

Life In The Information Age I am going to write about how ICT has changed the way people live over the years. I am going to write about the difference it has made using different sections such as: Education: you can now learn online. For example the University of Phoenix offers an online service where you can obtain a degree qualification while learning online. Entertainment: you can view the latest video content or listen to any type of music on the net. Banking and shopping: you can now shop online without moving from your home. Decision making: Websites on the internet have influenced some decisions people make. This may also include discussions on the internet. Crime and Crime prevention: Computers have databases that contain loads of information about people and present or past convictions they have had. I am going to write about how ICT has changed education amongst students Education I am going to write about how the use of ICT has changed the way people educate themselves. There are many websites where people of all age groups can access information and revision notes about subjects they are studying. A very popular site that boasts many revision notes and features many quizzes to test your knowledge of the subjects you are studying is the BBC website. www.BBC.com. The internet is not the only tool people use to educate themselves since ICT has been around. People also use the generic tools of the computer such as spreadsheets, word processors and many other generic tools. People use these tools to create essays and databases. These are basic skills to be learnt by all students in education. This is why ICT has taken such a huge part in the education of most students. Most jobs now require people with basic ICT skills. ICT has not only affected education but has become a way of life for some people. There are now interactive whiteboards that are used in school. In stead of the old classic whiteboards these are connected to a laptop or pc and the screen displayed on the pc is then displayed on a huge whiteboard. You can then use the white board and pc along with other installed applications and write on it how you would on a normal white board. The new interactive white boards are like the normal white boards but with a touch screen type of technology that lets you write on it and edit it in any way you want. I think the interactive whiteboards have helped teachers educate children and have gone a long way when considering ICT amongst education. When it comes to using ICT in education there can be many advantages and disadvantages. Whether the advantages outweigh the disadvantages you can decide for yourself after reading some of the information below. The advantages of using ICT within education: You can learn new skills You can access unlimited amount of research Increases confidence as use of ICT gets better Regular use and experience of ICT outside the classroom Easier to control a class room Easier to help with planning lessons and assisting children Could possibly make lessons more fun Enhances future career opportunities The disadvantages of using ICT within education: Difficulties in using hardware Difficulties in using the basic computer Needs lots of technical support Very expensive Expensive to use regularly Could possibly make lessons less fun Can take a very long time to load and use which reduces lesson time This is a graph of the most frequently used type of ICT in a secondary school. This is a pie chart showing where ICT is used most in schools. As you can see secondary schools use ICT more than anyone else. This pie chart was created in 1999 so it may be slightly different as it is not up to date. I personally think a lot more people now use a higher rate of ICT in sixth form. This pie chart and the graph above came from the website: http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/00001304.htm Interview on how ICT has affected education How long have you been teaching ICT and to what age group do you teach it? Have you found that ICT has made teaching easier? Could you imagine teaching without the use of ICT? How do you think ICT will progress within the next ten years? Do you feel that providing internet to students in schools could be potentially dangerous? In conclusion I think ICT has had a very high impact on education within any age group and has helped most teachers educate children. It does have its disadvantages but overall I feel that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages and ICT has had a very high impact on education amongst most students. Now I am going to write about how ICT has changed the entertainment industry Entertainment I am going to write about how ICT has changed the entertainment industry. You can now access an unlimited amount of videos or music files along with many other types of entertainment on the internet. The internet allows you to download files but the tools on the actual computer such as the windows media player is what actually allows you to play the files. Nearly every search engine on the internet (yahoo, AltaVista) now has a section titled video. Clicking on this section allows you to watch many types of videos on the internet. All you have to do is enter a few keywords about the types of video you would like to watch. Below is a screenshot of Yahoo video. Video is not the only type of entertainment online. On the web you now also have access to an unlimited amount of mp3 or music files. There are many sites where you can listen to music and there are many sites where you can download mp3 files off the internet. A site where you can listen to any type of music is www.singingfish.com. A very popular site where you can download any type of song you want is www.napster.com Napster offers customers a huge variety of old and new songs at a fixed monthly price. Once you have subscribed and paid you can then just download the music files to your own computer and use them any way you like. ICT has not only affected entertainment in the form of mp3 files and videos. You can now view some of the most recent television programmes on the internet. You can even catch the first episode of a new and upcoming series on the internet before it is even shown on national television. ICT has affected the way people entertain themselves in both positive and negative ways. You can now download search engines on to your computer such as kazaa or lime wire which allows you to illegally download files which you do not have to pay for. These sites are causing a huge problem to other sites such as Napster because they offer music downloads completely free but they are illegal. People that are caught downloading from these search engines can be prosecuted severely. This is what causes ICT to become a huge disadvantage when it comes to entertainment in the form of downloading media off the internet. You can use kazaa and lime wire to download files straight to your main CPU and save them and use them in any way you like. This will also put the IPOD companies out of business because instead off paying to download files to transfer them onto your IPOD you can just simply download them files for free off lime wire. As a whole ICT has changed the way people entertain themselves dramatically. Years ago if a person wanted to read a book they would attend the library and get a book from there. If you would like to read a book now you can simply read an e-book of the internet which is like a type of electrical book that you can read off the internet. This has also caused a disadvantage as there is now a huge decline in the use of library facilities. The guardian online has recorded that form the year 2001 to 2003 they have lost 10,000 users of the Dunbar library. Their main losses are students that have now turned to ICT to research about their subjects instead of using the library like they use to. Libraries have tried to counteract against this by placing computers within the libraries. Over all ICT has advantages and disadvantages when being used for entertainment. IT plays a huge factor in many peoples social life as they now use the computer for many tasks such as listening to music or watching videos. This can be thought of as a positive way of using ICT but for the companies out there trying to sell music and videos or the libraries out there trying to pull in students so they can research there, ICT has affected them in a negative way. Now I am going to write about how ICT has affected shopping and banking. Shopping and Banking ICT has severely affected how people shop and use their banks. You can now literally buy everything and anything online. All the huge supermarkets such as Tesco and ASDA all now have an online site where you can purchase all of their products. Below is a screenshot of the homepage of ASDA online shopping When you are surfing the ASDA website you will find that there are a whole range of products similar to the ones you will actually find in the actual ASDA supermarket. There are also special offers available to the customer when shopping online which are not normally offered when Not only has ICT has affected the way you shop it has also affected the way you handle your money within banks. You can now check your bank details on the internet. Below is the Barclays website You have a number of different options to choose from. You can check your bank account balance or even create a portfolio with all your personal banking details. So instead of attending the bank like you would normally you can now do nearly everything from the comfort of your own home. Online banking and shopping is to be done at your own risk. There are various risks you are taking when making these transactions online. www.BBC.com explains how there is a new virus that can capture peoples details when they are making a transaction online. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Bugbear computer virus which has left transactions and passwords potentially open to hacking is the latest scandal to hit the internet.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  This was taken from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2299853.stm Online banking and shopping has many advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of shopping online are: You do not have to move from the comfort of your own home Shopping is delivered and is hassle free You can shop at on any day and at any time you like There are sometimes special offers that are only available on the internet site and not the actual shop. The disadvantages of shopping online are: Items ordered may not be correct Items might not be delivered on time Incorrect fee may be charged for the product Fraudulent people or companies can capture your details and misuse them The advantages of banking online are: You do not have to move from the comfort of your own home You can use the service anytime you like There are special offers available such as a higher interest rate when opening a new account online The disadvantages of banking online are: Fraudulent people or companies can capture your details and misuse them Your privacy may be disrupted and people may be able to read your bank details Over all shopping and banking online does have its advantages and disadvantages, whether people choose to use this service is up to them. I personally feel that shopping and banking online are too much hassle for me and the disadvantages outweigh the advantages. Now I am going to write about the way ICT has changed crime and helped prevent crime Crime and crime prevention This is another topic where ICT has helped in a huge way. The government now have many systems up and running that allow them to constantly see what is going on around them. Most of these systems are controlled and operated using ICT. The most popular type of security system that the government use is called CCTV. CCTV stands for close circuit television. There are many uses for CCTV: Monitoring traffic from a bridge A temporary system to carry out a traffic survey in a town centre Hidden in buses to control vandalism Hidden in shops to prevent theft or violence Hidden within banks to stop fraud or theft Personal security within your own home The list is almost endless but as you can see has a huge impact on nearly everything in everyday life. The camera records the footage while the monitor displays it. Some systems can record what has happened previously and play it back for future reference.

Classicism and Romanticism :: Literature Literary

Classicism and Romanticism    Toward the end of the eiteenth-century, Romanticism emerged as a response to Classicism. Even though this change was gradual, it transformed everything from art and philosophy to education and science. While the Classicsts thought of the world as having a rigid and stern structure, the romanticists thought of the world as a place to express their ideas and believes. The Romaniticists and Classicsts differed in their views of the relationship between an individual and society, their views of nature and the relationship between reason and imagination.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Classicists and Romanticists differed in their views of nature. Classicism was based on the idea that nature and human nature could be understood by reason and thought. Classicist believed that â€Å"nature was, a self-contained machine, like a watch, whose laws of operation could be rationally understood.†(text,199)   On the other hand, Romanticists viewed nature as mysterious and ever changing. As William Cullen Bryant states that nature â€Å";speaks a various language.† (text, 123)   Romantic writes believed that nature is an ever changing living organism, whose laws we will never fully understand.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Classicist and Romanticists also differed on their approches towards reason and imagination. Classicism attached much more importance to reason than imagination because imagination could not be explained by their laws. To them, â€Å";the imagination, though essential to literature, had to be restrained by reason and common sense.†; (text, 119) The Romanticists, however, emphasized that reason was not the only path to truth. â€Å";Instead, Romantic writers emphasized intuition, that inner perception of truth which is independent of reason.†; (text, 122) To the Romantic writers, imagination was ultimately superior to reason.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yet another area of difference between Classicits and Romanticsts whether they placed greater importance on tradition or whether they chose to innovate. Classicists thought that it was literature’s function to show the everyday values of humanity and the laws of human existence. Classicism and Romanticism :: Literature Literary Classicism and Romanticism    Toward the end of the eiteenth-century, Romanticism emerged as a response to Classicism. Even though this change was gradual, it transformed everything from art and philosophy to education and science. While the Classicsts thought of the world as having a rigid and stern structure, the romanticists thought of the world as a place to express their ideas and believes. The Romaniticists and Classicsts differed in their views of the relationship between an individual and society, their views of nature and the relationship between reason and imagination.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Classicists and Romanticists differed in their views of nature. Classicism was based on the idea that nature and human nature could be understood by reason and thought. Classicist believed that â€Å"nature was, a self-contained machine, like a watch, whose laws of operation could be rationally understood.†(text,199)   On the other hand, Romanticists viewed nature as mysterious and ever changing. As William Cullen Bryant states that nature â€Å";speaks a various language.† (text, 123)   Romantic writes believed that nature is an ever changing living organism, whose laws we will never fully understand.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Classicist and Romanticists also differed on their approches towards reason and imagination. Classicism attached much more importance to reason than imagination because imagination could not be explained by their laws. To them, â€Å";the imagination, though essential to literature, had to be restrained by reason and common sense.†; (text, 119) The Romanticists, however, emphasized that reason was not the only path to truth. â€Å";Instead, Romantic writers emphasized intuition, that inner perception of truth which is independent of reason.†; (text, 122) To the Romantic writers, imagination was ultimately superior to reason.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yet another area of difference between Classicits and Romanticsts whether they placed greater importance on tradition or whether they chose to innovate. Classicists thought that it was literature’s function to show the everyday values of humanity and the laws of human existence.

Benjamin Franklin Compared to Jonathan Edwards

Kendra Hughes Professor Machann English 2327 March 24, 2010 Errata in the Hands of an Un-Angry God: A Comparison of Edwards and Franklin Oberg and Stout put it best in the introduction of their book Benjamin Franklin, Jonathan Edwards, and the Representation of American Culture, â€Å"It is difficult, if not impossible to, think of two more widely studied colonial figures than Benjamin Franklin and Jonathan Edwards. As Franklin and Edwards have been studied individually over generations, so also have they been looked at together† (Oberg and Stout 3). Through their influential writing and critical evaluations of how to improve oneself, Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin both encompass American themes that ultimately define them as part of American literature. While living in different times and writing for different reasons they share the common themes of self-improvement, the setting and accomplishment of goals, and the importance of cohesion of society. By studying Edwards’ â€Å"Personal Narrative†, â€Å"Resolutions†, â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God†, and excerpts from Benjamin Franklin’s â€Å"Autobiography†, found in Norton’s Anthology of American Literature, edited by Nina Baym, their distinct individual ideas, and these shared fundamental themes of American literature can be seen. Their personal narratives show how their environment impacted them to better themselves. Jonathan Edwards’ â€Å"Personal Narrative† portrays his progress towards a more close relationship with God. His family was followers of the Congregationalist Church, and from early childhood, he followed a Christian life† (Edwards 385). Edwards’ autobiography, â€Å"Personal Narrative†, begins with him saying, â€Å"I had a variety of concerns and exercise about my soul from my childhood; but had two more remarkable seasons of awakening, before I met with that change, by which I was brought to those new dispositions, and that new sense of things, that I have had† (Edwards 386). Edward completes a sojourn that brings him closer to God. This discovery helped him in his evaluation of what it took to become a better Christian in God’s eyes. On the other hand however, Benjamin Franklin less closely adhered to his family’s Christian beliefs. As a Deist, Franklin believed that there was a â€Å"Supreme Being† and that it is ones own chore to discover reality through reason. In his autobiography, he reveals a few instances that altered his way of life. Case in point, he had qualms about not further pursing his relationship with Miss Read when he left for England. Franklin calls these wrong doings or regrets â€Å"Errata† (Franklin 473). The spirituality of Edwards and Franklin, although different, and very distinctive, their works resonate their exposure and the impact it had on their personal improvement and growth. Also, as a Deist, Franklin believed he determined his inevitability by his own accord. This encouraged him to set and accomplish goals to achieve what he desired in life. His autobiography portrays his faults and his accomplishments. This lack of modesty in revealing his errata is targeted towards his assembly, the American man, with hopes of prompting them to augment themselves and progress upon their deficiencies. Franklin rallied for the reformation of the American man through self-evaluation and correction. On the contrary, Edwards believed that it was God’s divine will of which men were the selected few who could entered into heaven after life. Edwards focused his writings towards Christians more so than just purely Americans. His goal was to prepare Christians to become these select individuals that gained entrance into heaven. Christians under Edwards felt responsible to live better lives and to set examples for the congregation and the community. As Christian individuals, just as Franklin’s Americans, they continually believed that one must examine and self-asses their place in life, the church, and the community. In the book Early American Literature: A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by Michael T. Gilmore, Gilmore writes in the introduction, â€Å"The Puritans in their minds the Bible was the book of history, and typology revealed the developmental pattern of everyday events by finding correspondences between the Old and New Testaments† (Gilmore 2). Edwards consistently leads his life adhering to the bible. He believed like Winthrop, that his community needed to prepare and become ‘a city upon a hill’ † (Gilmore 2). In â€Å"Resolutions† Edwards’ self-reflection and goals can be seen. He constantly tries to improve himself and his congregation so that they can achieve God’s envisage of a new homeland in New England. Edwards’ primary commitment was to underst and the Bible and to abide by it to live life to the fullest. Edwards aspired to better himself and set a precedent for his congregation and his Christian community. Franklin, like Edwards, also seeks these goals and achievements as and individual and for the American man. In Soundings: Some Early American Writers, Lewis Leary writes, â€Å"Franklin was the true American †¦he constantly redefines himself†¦none better represented the simple, noble men†¦who lived close to nature faithful to her laws uncontaminated by artificialities of court or town† (Leary 9,11). Franklin provides his audience with virtues to adhere to when trying to set goals to improve themselves. Franklin explains, â€Å"no one can change overnight and one must work on one vice until successively conquered, such as chastity, everyman can find self-improvement and further contribute to their community† (Franklin 487). Franklin’s determination to overcome vices enabled him to become closer to virtuosity, and hopefully in the end encourage his community to do the same. Similarly, Edward’s efforts to overcome his sins enabled him to become closer to God and to set an example for his congregation. Both men documented the progress of their goals to follow their self-defined resolutions and both men hoped their comrades would adhere to the same principles. They desired to be influential and catch attention and esteem from their community by showcasing their sacrifices. Along with self-improvement and setting of goals Edwards’ and Franklin’s writings reflect the importance of cohesion as a society. While Edwards urges his congregation of the need to seek salvation and bind together during a time when America was redefining religion, Franklin, through his writing encourages society to move closer together after the Revolutionary War. In, â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,† Edwards reciprocates with ferocity and anger to his congregation when faced with â€Å"The Great Awakening. † In the sermon to his congregation Edwards’ objective is to rationalize with the countless that are doomed to damnation and not saved. He preaches, â€Å"Now you have an extraordinary opportunity, a day wherein Christ has thrown the door of mercy wide open† (Edwards 435). Edwards begs for the cohesion of his congregational community in effort to defeat the influences of uncertified preachers and the impendence of damnation. Ursula Brumm explains in her essay â€Å"Jonathan Edwards and Typology,† In Early American Literature: A Collection of Critical Essays, â€Å" Edwards took part heart and soul in the events of the Great Awakening He regarded this movement with overwhelming expectations in the belief that it marked the beginning of a new millennium† (Brumm 71). Edwards felt â€Å"The Great Awakening† was a test from God, that Satan was causing these events, and that by force through his sermons he could hold his congregation together and pass this test from God to see who was faithful. Being much less forceful in his path, Franklin simply attempted to coax others to follow his path to become more patriotic. Franklin delves into the concept of how man can be made into a good citizen by following his list of virtues. He says, â€Å"It’s every one’s interest to be virtuous, who wish’d to be happy even in this world† (Franklin 495). Franklin’s goal is, â€Å"to show men that his autobiography and literature alike can help oneself to analyze and correct their own errors† (Leary 15). Franklin’s autobiography is defined by the case of â€Å"rags to riches† and has become a commonly used theme by many American writers. In the book Making the American Self: Jonathan Edwards to Abraham Lincoln by Daniel Walker Howe, Howe further explains the evolution of the self made man, â€Å"Edwards and Franklin agreed in their assessment of human nature and the difficulties put in the way of a virtuous life. The origins of the model of human nature that Edwards and Franklin shared with so many others, led to the cult of the self made man† (Howe 2). During the period after the recently acquired American independence, the nation attempted to define the representative citizen. Climbing from the lower class â€Å"rags† to the upper class â€Å"riches† Franklin achieved true success, set an example of the model citizen and influenced many fellow Americans during this time of need. Edwards and Franklin were both avant-gardes to their societies when people most yearned for an exemplary to live their lives by. Although so different Edwards and Franklin both were able to adhere to the American themes of self-improvement, setting and achieving goals, and coming together as a community. Through their erpetual self-appraisal, self-advancement, disclosure of their personal narratives, and their acknowledgment of a need to unite the community as one, they were able to produce the model of the American, Christian man, and epitomize American Literature through their works. Works Cited Brumm, Ursula. â€Å"Jonathan Edwards and Typology. † Early American Literature: A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. Michael T. Gilmore. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, I nc. , 1980. Pg 71. Edwards, Jonathan. â€Å"Jonathan Edwards’ Resolutions and Advice to Young Converts. † Ed. Stephen J. Nichols. New York: P&R Publishing, 2001. Edwards, Jonathan. â€Å"Personal Narrative. † The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 7th Ed. Ed. Nina Baym. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2007. Pg 385-396. Edwards, Jonathan. â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God. † The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 7th Ed. Ed. Nina Baym. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2007. Pg 425-436 Franklin, Benjamin. â€Å"The Autobiography. † The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 7th Ed. Ed. Nina Baym. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2007. Pg 472-517. Works Cited Continued Howe, Daniel Walker, ed. Making the American Self: Jonathan Edwards to Abraham Lincoln. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Pg 2. Gilmore, Michael T. , ed. Early American Literature: A Collection of Critical Essays. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. , 1980. Pg 2. Leary, Lewis. Soundings: Some Early American Writers. Athens: University Of Georgia Press, 1975. Pg 9-15. Oberg, Barbara B. , and Stout, Harry S. , eds. Benjamin Franklin, Jonathan Edwards, and the Representation of American Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. Pg 3.

Necrotizing fasciitis essays

Necrotizing fasciitis essays Necrotizing fasciitis is a bacterial infection that attacks the soft tissue of the body, usually in an extremity following a minor trauma. There are also cases of it occurring after surgery, most often abdominal surgery. Necrotizing fasciitis (nek-roe-tie-zing fah-shee-eye-tis) is more commonly known as ''flesh-eating disease". It is a rare illness that causes extensive tissue destruction and can lead to death. Definition and Symptoms of necrotizing fasciitis Include, fever, sever pain, and a red painful swelling which spreads rapidly. Death can occur in 12 to 24 hours. When the disease spreads along the layers of tissue that surround muscle (the fascia), it is called necrotizing fasciitis. When the disease affects the muscle tissue, it is called necrotizing myositis. The bacterium comes from the group A streptococci a bacterial infection found most often in the throat and on the skin. People may carry group A streptococci and have no symptoms. Most GAS (group a streptococci) infections are relatively mild such as ''Strep Throat'', or Impetigo. This bacterium is spread through direct contact with mucus from the nose or throat of a person who is infected, or through contact with infected wounds or sores on the skin. Ill people such as those who have strep throat or skin infections are more likely to spread the infection. Persons who carry the bacteria but have no symptoms are much less contagious. Although healthy people can get invasive GAS disease, people with chronic illnesses like cancer, diabetes, and kidney dialysis, and those who use medications such as steroids have a higher risk. Doctors also point out that streptococcus A is not infectious in what is thought of as the traditional sense. It can not be spread by airborne dispersion, touching, or through fecal matter. It can however, be spread by transmission of blood or Doctors say that they are currently experimenting with several different treatment re...

Adsl Essays - Digital Subscriber Line, Electronic Design Automation

Adsl Essays - Digital Subscriber Line, Electronic Design Automation Adsl ADSL has been of interest to me for the past couple of years because it enables high-speed data on a single pair of local copper loop. It is phenomenal how it can allow voice and data to run concurrently over the same pair of wire. The article of choice for this report is in the subject of ADSL technology and the integration of the chip sets. Within these five pages the author examines the design methodology that Alcatel has used to develop their mixed signal chip set-asynchronous digital subscriber line (ADSL) and the chip implementation environment. I believe that software emulations of hardware components are a more reliable and cheaper way to design devices. Although I have no experience with device designing, it is interesting to me how software emulation can facilitate the engineer with a fast editing environment. There are no soldering and complicated physical barriers involved. When the Alcatel design team tested the system in a worst-case scenario, restricting its range of voltage and temperature, the simulation of just 10 seconds of initialization could have taken days of simulation time. But Alcatel resorted to using an emulator for fast debugging. The emulator, in contrast with the simulation, would only take a few hours, not days. A very important aspect in new technology is to permit the ease for product enhancements. In a broad sense, many times there are new and more efficient ways of implementing a certain design after its final release. The author outlines in his conclusion that Alcatel completed a USB version of the ADSL digital chip. That explains the ease and no hassle install of my ADSL modem to my laptop. the writer outlines illustrates the Because of the flexibility of the chip bus architecture, other digital back ends can be integrated onto the chip. Bibliography Integrated System Design August 2000 Designing ADSL Chip Sets for Rapid Integration

Organisational behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organisational behaviour - Essay Example In any case, behavior of an organization plays a vital role in determining the job satisfaction of its employees. Organizations are operating from different platforms and management styles. Participatory of democratic management is followed in some organizations whereas autocratic or totalitarian management styles are followed in other organizations. Employees in a democratic organization may have better job satisfaction compared to the employees in an autocratic organization. Only the satisfied employees deliver maximum efficiency or output to an organization. In short, job satisfaction is directly proportional to the level of performances of the employees. Job satisfaction and performance of an organization â€Å"Human resource management takes the theories and principles studied in OB and explores the â€Å"nuts-and-bolts† applications of those principles in organizations (What Is Organizational Behavior? N.d. p.7). HR department has an important role in determining the pe rformances of the employees and the performances of the organization. Even though an organization may have many resources such as material, machineries, money etc, man power seems to be the most important one. It should be noted that human supervision is necessary for the mobilization of all the other organizational resources. Mobilization or utilization of organizational resources such as material, money and machineries takes place in an efficient manner only when the employees handling these resources have enough job satisfaction. In short, effective utilization of organizational resources is heavily dependent on the job satisfaction of the employees. According to Soviet economists and social scientists, ‘job satisfaction studies are irrelevant in a society in which workers own the production means†(Braveman, 1974, p.10). The above principle may be true in the case of organizations operating in communist countries. Since private capital is not allowed in communist coun tries, employees may work mechanically in such countries. However, the cases of employees in capitalist or democratic countries are entirely different. Employees get material or financial gains, if they perform well in organizations in the capitalist economies. Moreover, they have more freedom and liberties than the employees in communist countries. Therefore, they can easily adjust (increase or decrease) their output while working in an organization operating in a democratic country. It should be noted that such employees have the freedom for forming trade unions to fight against injustices of the employers. In short, employees in a democratic organization, operating in a democratic country, can definitely change gears from top to bottom or bottom to top, based on the treatment they receive from the employers. Employees may develop lot of suspicion or cynicism while working as part of an organization. Rumors and propagandas are common in the organizational world and these things ca n affect the productivity of the employees negatively. For example, the managers of Apple Inc. warn its employees that the company is more interested in employability rather than employment security (Qumer, 2009, p.7). Such warnings always create cynicism among the employees. â€Å"Cynical employees have the impression that they are autonomous, but they still practice the corporate rituals nonetheless† (Fleming &Spicer, 2003, p.157). However, such rituals under pressure may not derive the full productivity

Pollution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pollution - Essay Example Global warming has also been attributed in part to pollution. When these chemicals and toxins become a part of the environment they affect not just the environment but humans as well. If we can control our actions then we can make the world a better place to live. Air pollution occurs because of toxins that are released into the air by cars, aerosols, factories etc. what it basically does it make the air unclean and unsafe to breathe in and can cause many kinds of respiratory diseases. It has also been known to affect the wild life as it has killed many birds. Many people in china and Japan are known to wear masks to work and school because of the pollution there. The sad reality is that because of air pollution we do not just harm ourselves but harm the planet for the future generations. Water pollution refers to contaminants that find their way into the water reservoirs i.e. lakes and streams along with the ocean. Large companies have been known to dump toxins in streams that later on become a part of our drinking water. Many people use filters these days so that they can have clean water for their use but the sad reality is that the industrial world has a huge negative impact on the developing world and water pollution is making life tough not just for them but also sea life, fresh water fish life, and harming the plant life as well. Sewage water is also released into streams and the coastlines of many countries and have a very detrimental effect overall. Land and soil pollution refers to the detrimental state of affairs because of unhealthy and unsafe trash and toxicant dumping habits employed by humans. It has been mainly attributed to urbanization and industrialization, both of which destroy natural resources that are already present in order to build and become successful. The tearing down of God made things results in a lot of problems for example, in order to

Patient Presenting with Diarrhea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Patient Presenting with Diarrhea - Essay Example Appearance of blood in the diarrheal stool is the main risk factor in a patient of inflammatory bowel disease as the mucosal membrane is ulcerated. According to the patent there are nocturnal bowel movements which are almost never seen in irritable bowel syndrome. Recent smoking cessation could also be an additional risk factor as cigarette is supposed to protect the mucosal membrane against ulcers. The patient has been using NSAIDs (ibuprofen) recently and the prolong use of these drugs usually causes ulcers. The patient also has a family history of ulcers which makes her genetically predisposed to the disease. On physical examination, the patient appeared slim; signs of weight loss were prominent. The oral mucosa was dry. The heart rate was increased. There was also mild tenderness in the abdomen. All the signs of inflammatory disease, including fever, were present. Patients presenting with chronic diarrhea are usually suggested for flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Endoscopy is performed when these non-invasive procedures fail to give a positive result and the patient still presents with the signs of inflammation. Endoscopy has some advantage over these procedures in a way that it does not only give a complete internal view of the organ but also allows the physician to collect samples for biopsy. Colitis is graded from mild to moderate and severe on the extent of the damage to the mucosal membrane. If on endoscopic examination the loss of mucosal integrity is not so severe the colitis is termed as mild or moderate. In contrast, patients presenting with sudden onset of signs and symptoms with a greater loss of the mucosa, the disease is termed as severe colitis. Flexible sigmoidoscopy although an efficient procedure, still requires colonoscopy to be done to rule out any false positive results. Physical examination showed dehydration which is confirmed by the electrolyte imbalance shown in the reports.

The Cold War in the 1960s Essay Example for Free

The Cold War in the 1960s Essay LBJ and the Escalation of the War * Credibility * Feb 1965: air strikes started * July 1965: ground troops * Why there was no military victory in Vietnam? * The strength of the enemy * The weakness of the South Vietnamese Government * Guerilla war in Vietnam * Limited war in Vietnam * Search-and-destroy vs. clear-and-hold * The media * A Multitude of Movements Student Rebellions, The New Left, and the counter cultural movement * SDS (1960) and its goals * 1964 UC Berkeley and student rebellion * Cultural radicals: the hippies * The Rise of Feminism * Betty Friedan and The Feminine Mystique * 1968: the year of upheaval * January: the Tet Offensive and the credibility gap * March: LBJ would not run again for president * April: MLK assassinated * June: Bobby Kennedy assassinated * August: the Democratic National Convention at Chicago became a street fight * Hubert H. Humphrey, Eugene McCarthy, Nixon, and the 1968 election * The challenge from George Wallace Troubles all around the world * NIXON, KISSINGER amp; DETENTE * Nixon, Henry Kissinger and geo-politics * Sino-Soviet split and the triangular diplomacy * Strategic Arms Limitation Talks I (SALT I) * Nixon’s war in Vietnam * June 1971, Daniel Ellsberg and the Pentagon Papers * Paris Peace Treaty (1973) * The fall of Saigon (1975) * The Nixon Doctrine * Detente and the limit of US Power.

The Scarlet Letter :: essays research papers

The Scarlet Letter- In Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, the letter "A" changes it's meaning many different times. This change is significant. It shows growth in the characters, and the community in which they live. The letter "A" begins as a symbol of sin. It then becomes a symbol of her ability to do and help things, and finally it becomes a symbol of her respect for herself. The letter "A," worn on Hester's bodice, is a symbol of her adultery against Roger Chillingworth. This letter is meant to be worn in shame, and to make Hester feel unwanted. "Here, she said to herself, had been the scene of her guilt, and here should be the scene of her earthly punishment . . ." (84) Hester is ashamed of her sin, but she chooses not to show it. She committed this sin in the heat of passion, and fully admits it because, though she is ashamed, she also received her greatest treasure, Pearl, out of it. She is a very strong woman to be able to hold up so well against what she must face. Many would have fled Boston, and sought a place where no one knew of her great sin. Hester chose to stay though, which showed a lot of strength and integrity. Any woman with enough nerve to hold up against a town which despised her very existence, and to stay in a place where her daughter is referred to as a "devil child," either has some sort of psychological problem, or is a very tough woman. The second meaning that the letter "A" took was "able." The townspeople who once condemned her now believed her scarlet "A" to stand for her ability to create her beautiful needlework and for her unselfish assistance to the poor and sick. "The letter was the symbol of her calling. Such helpfulness was found in her- so much power to do and power to sympathize- that many people refused to interpret the scarlet 'A' by its original signification." (156) At this point, a lot of the townspeople realized what a high quality character Hester possessed. "Do you see that woman with the embroidered badge? It is our Hester- the town's own Hester- who is so kind to the poor, so helpful to the sick, so comforting to the afflicted!" (157) The townspeople soon began to believe that the badge served to ward off

Performance Management Plan Essay

In order for Landslide Limousine Service to have success in their business, strategic performance is necessary within the framework of management. The business should be successful if the performance management plan aligns completely with the business strategy. Mr. Stonefield has identified the course in which he plans to take his business and has identified his expectations. To help the company define the skills needed by its workers it must have a strong organizational philosophy as well as a strong job analysis. It is important for Landslide Limousine Service to establish a method of identifying and measuring employees skills, skill gaps, and establishing ways to provide feedback to its employees. Atwood & Allen Consulting will be administering and providing this vital information for the success and performance enhancement of Landslide Limousine Service. The performance management plan will ensure business success with no lost revenue, and income stability, and within target. Framework for business strategy In prior communications with Atwood and Allen, Mr. Stonefield identified he wished to open his limousine service in Austin, Texas. The main goal for Mr. Stonefield is to provide first class transportation options for various customers by providing a unique limousine service with attention to every detail in its service. There is an anticipated net revenue for the first year of $50,000, and is expected to have a 5% increase in net revenue within the next few years. There is also an estimation of a 10% turnover rate. According to Atwood & Allen, the short term and long term goals are very realistic for the first few years. By creating the performance management framework, Landslide Limousine Service will establish a base in which the company will align its goals in creating employee loyalty, and setting the financial growth of the company. The structure of the business strategy must consist of effective employee skills, methods to measure skills performance, concentrate on skills gaps, and effective employee feedback. This will create proper communication between employees and management. Creating an environment where employees are comfortable approaching management with concerns can reduce mistakes which could result in customer being dissatisfied with the limousine service. Lastly, communication can also assist with identifying and correcting any problems with equipment which  could reduce cost and will maximize the customers experience. Organizational Performance Philosophy In order to establish a strong strategic performance management framework, Landslide Limousine Service needs to identify the organizational performance philosophy. In order to compete within the existing competitive market in Austin, Texas, the business philosophy has to be built with a strong emphasis on excellent customer service. To build a positive reputation in the market, employees must look professional, and comply with all the rules and regulation to insure the customer experiences a safe ride. The organizational performance philosophy is the company’s values about how management is going to direct employees to accomplish goal to succeed the organizational performance. â€Å"Transporting clients efficiently and safe is our satisfaction† is a possible philosophy phrase that Landslide Limousine can use as a marketing strategy. The idea of the philosophy is to build trust within employees and customers within the company to retain loyalty and confidence within the service. Once the customers trust has been obtained, Landslide Limousine Service must continue to work hard to maintain the trust. Creating monthly surveys can assist with identifying areas were the organization can improve. In addition, the sales representatives should have meetings with the clients at least every quarter (if not sooner) to build a relationship with clients. This relationship can help with better aligning the services provided with customers expectations. Identifying employee’s skills It is important for any business to employ personnel with the required job skills. These skills are important because it reduces the amount of training required to get the employee ready for service. The employees knowledge and skills can guarantee customer satisfaction and positive reputation for the company. According to the textbook, Managing Human Resources, 9th edition, by W.F. Cascio, explains four levels of analysis to determine training needs and what can be achieved. The four levels of training are organizational analysis, demographic analysis, operations analysis, and individual analysis (Cascio, 2013, p. 317-318). The organizational analysis identifies if the training supports company’s direction, personnel training activity, and  resources available. Demographic analysis determines employee’s special need at different hierarchy levels. Operations analysis identify what an employees should do to perform competently, and individual analysis focus on the type of training should be provided to a specific individual (Cascio, 2013). According to Cascio, with a job analysis the business can identify tasks and required characteristics to perform a job (Cascio, 2013). The four levels of training is a helpful tool to identify areas of improvement. Training at all levels is important because though training we improve our overall performance. Methods to measure the employee’s skills For any business is important to measure employee skill performance to determine if the employees targets have been accomplished. According to, Employee Performance Measurement Tools, it explain how a company can measure performance with performance appraisals, productivity tests, and 360-Degree Feedback. The performance appraisal is an annual method on where the employee is evaluated by management. The evaluation identifies how well the employee is doing for a period of time and if action in required for improvement. In the performance appraisal, identifying future goals and needs are important to insure the employee understands what is expected of him or her. Productivity test can help measure employee performance in quantifiable terms. During the performance evaluation, management will determine if the employee will receive a raise and notify the employee what the raise increase will be and how they determined the raise amount. The amount of the raise has a direct correlation on the final scores of the performance evaluation. While employed at United Parcel Service (UPS), my employer used the performance evaluation and it was a great tool. Not only did this evaluation identify areas of improvements but it also allowed me to have a one to one meeting with my direct supervisor. Our meetings over lunch, allowed me to get to know my supervisor on a more personal level. The overall experience in my opinion was great because it energized me. My supervisor communicated how important I was to the organization and how my contributions affected the overall performance of the organization. Process for identifying skill gaps An analysis to address skill gaps is important at any employee level. The  analysis identifies the responsibility, knowledge, and skills required for a specific job. If an employee is currently performing a job but changes are made to the job description, addressing the gaps will be to identify any characteristic missed to train the employee or improve the process. It is common to find skills gaps when an employee change jobs or lacks of education and training to perform their job. According to How to Develop a Skill Gap Analysis, provides four steps to develop a skill gap analysis: identify business goals, collect data, understand data to make recommendations, and develop a training plan to address skills gaps in the current environment. It is crucial to identify business goals to remain competitive and create a project plan with the strategic objectives. The collected data can help identify skills and knowledge of every employee performing a role in the company. After data is collected, recommendations can be made to improve areas, such as communication, leadership, teamwork, sales, service, and project management. The training plan to address skills gaps in the organization can help determine appropriate and effective training to retain employees to retention and business performance. Identifying skill gaps within employees can also be useful in determining which supervisor is needed in that area. For example, if an employee is weak in a particular area transferring a strong and knowledgeable supervisor might assist the employee with better understanding his job function. Effective performance feedback It is very important to deliver effective performance feedback with positive attitude. Employees appreciate advice and positive coaching to help improve mistakes. According to How to Deliver Effective Performance Appraisals, the author explain different steps for effective performance appraisals: establish an appraisal method, effective eye contact, start with negative feedback end with positive suggestions, set new goals, have an open dialogue with the employee, explain if the employee is a candidate for promotion or raise. The first step is important because the method is selected to provide effective feedback. Two examples are the 360-degree feedback appraisal and self-evaluation for employees to share thoughts and ideas. At the interview, it is crucial to maintain good eye contact to develop trust from both sides and show respect. Body language is important because it can  show attitude or negative feedback. It is important to start with negative feedback to end with positive observations and set realistic goals for the next time period. In addition, it’s important for management to focus on the employee and his related job and not combine personal feelings or emotions into the feedback. During the feedback is important to have open dialogues to allow the employees to share his or her opinions and ideas. It is important for management to share decisions made by upper level management on behalf of the employee. Conclusion In conclusion, it’s important for management to understand the recommendations described above evolve. As time and the level of growth of the organization changes, so will the methods. it’s important for management to understand that change is always important. As customers, technology, expectations, and workforce change, the organization must be ready for what is to come. Most of the successful organizations of 2015 have anticipated a change in the market. So when the change occurred, they were ready and adapted instead of playing catch up with the change. References El-Shishini, H. (2001, December 13). Integrating Financial and Non-Financial Performance Measures. Retrieved April 27, 2015, from http://cours2.fsa.ulaval.ca/cours/gsf-60808/bsc.pdf How to Become a Certified Limousine Driver in Austin, Texas. (2012, September 5). Retrieved April 27, 2015, from http://en.netlog.com/diannarosemary/blog/blogid=11780256 Cascio, W.F. (2013). Managing Human Resources (9th ed.). New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc, Retrieved from University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Workplace Training, Chapter 8. Duggan, Tara (2014). How to Develop a Skill Gap Analysis. Demand Media: Chron. Retrieved from: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/develop-skill-gap-analysis-39872.html Balle, Louise (2014). How to Deliver Effective Performance Appraisals. Demand Media: Chron. Retrieved from: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/deliver-effective-performance-appraisals-23603.html

Problems of Population

Pollution is today, probably, the greatest problem that faces mankind. There is a saying in English that it is an ill bird that fouls its own nest. And human beings are, collectively speaking, fouling their nest at the increasing rate. It is an alarming picture. We are polluting the air, which we need to breathe, the earth from which we derive all our food, and the waters from which wÐ µ, of course, derive the water we need to live, to drink, and for other purposes.So all the elements that surround us — there are three elements: earth, air and water — are being increasingly polluted by the activities of man, by industrial activities, for the most part. And pollution, of course, knows no frontiers. One country that pollutes will export its pollution to others. The radioactivity, for example, that was generated by the catastrophe at Chernobyl four years ago, four or five years ago, was carried in clouds across Europe, and some of these radioactive clouds, something which have been polluted in this way, actually produced rains which fell on parts of England and Wales.And we had a problem with the cattle which, of course, are fed on the grass, which had been rained on, by this polluted water, so we had problems in a small way, even in England as a result of the Chernobyl disaster. But Chernobyl is only one instant among many. It's a dramatic and alarming symptom of what is going on in all societies, all advanced industrial societies, not just in one. It's common to all, it's a common problem for all of us and in fact, in a sense, it takes us beyond all our ideologies. We must, in fact, look at this in a totally neutral, totally objective way, not for the blaming of one, one economic system or another.It's something which is, as I say, frowning both ends. It's really a function of advanced economic systems, of advanced, technologically advanced countries. It's basically the result of the industrialization which began in England, of course, in the 18th century and in above all, it's a result of the increasing use of and dependence upon fossil fuels: primarily, of course, coal and oil for both industry and transport. Modern industry, modern civilizations are run almost entirely on oil, mainly upon oil, to a less extent also, of course, on coke coal.But oil, it is which quite literally†¦ oil's the wheels of industry throughout the world. And the desire for oil, the need for oil, the craving for oil, the guzzling of oil is one of the great phenomena of the 20th century. We know, of course, that oil is decreasing, the stocks of it are decreasing inevitably and that someday, since they are finite, they will run out altogether, but that day hasn't, of course, arrived yet and new reserves are found from time to time, to enable us to go on in the same old ways.But the problems are increasing. Some day we shall have to find means of transportation by means of inventing some new kind of transport which isn't dependent on oil, perhaps, upon electri ­city or something, like that, because electricity itself is oil-dependent to some extent. We shall have to become less and less oil dependent, whereas, in fact, in the last hundred years or so, we've become more and more oil-dependent.First, dependence on oil is something, this rapidly dwindling resource is one of our major problems, and we hope all of us, I think, that the scientists will be able to find alternative sources of energy, solar energy, water, water power from the seas, so to say, and it is derived from sea power and the building of dams. This will take the place, we hope, on the oil-fired and coal-fired power stations which we depend on so much today and, of course, nearly all our transport is fuelled by oil or by its derivative — petrol. We shall have to do something about that.There'll be required a technological revolution. We hope we'll acquire one, at any rate, which will bring about a new way of life which is less pollutant, less polluting , less dangerous to our environment. Let us look a little bit at the picture today. We are all aware of this; in order to satisfy our almost boundless need for oil today we send huge tankers to trans ­port it from one country, where it is to be found, where it is drawn up from the ground, to many countries, of course, that have no oil of their own at all, they have to import it.And then, of course, the issued tankers sometimes sink and sometimes have collisions, and vast spillages occur, causing oil slicks which are sometimes miles and miles long. As a result of these oil slicks, which gradually come towards the coast, we have a poisoning of fish life and sea birds, and this makes the beaches unfit for either the local residents or for holiday-makers to use. And it's a dirty sight, a tragic sight.The sea birds, for example, are covered in thick black oil, and they have no chance of survival unless people can get to them early and clean their bodies, clean their wings of this oil. So the great cost to natural life – we've been endangering the other creatures of Earth in our greed for more and more oil. And the cost, the economic cost of cleaning up these oil slicks is enormous and, of course, fines that are imposed upon owners of tankers from which oil is spilt, but the fines themselves are derisory, they are not nearly heavy enough.Many tanker captains deliberately flush out the holes of their vessels in foreign ports leaving the foul mess for other people to clean up, and the fines they pay, if they are caught, which is not always the case, are literally peanuts. And then there are carbon emissions from our factories and from the traffic. The emissions from the exhausts of cars and other vehicles on the roads are largely responsible for the atmospheric pollution from which we are suffering these days.These emissions cause acid rain which, when it falls upon the ground, is harmful to plant life, and to some extent, to animal life too. We are told by t hose who are supposed to know about these things that the atmospheric temperature throughout the world, the average temperature is rising very slightly, and the result of this is so-called global warming, which is only by 1 or 2 degrees, perhaps not even as much as 2 degrees will be the so-called greenhouse effect.This can be described in the following way: the ice at the Pole caps, the North Pole and the South Pole, will begin to melt as a result of this global warming and causing the level of the oceans to rise, and this, in turn, will flood low-lying coastal areas in various parts of the world, thereby, of course, not only causing disaster to people who live there, but also depriving man of some of the soil — the earth which he needs to grow his food on.And as further results will be, this happens, that the climate in many parts of the globe will change, maybe, of course, some parts will become warmer and may be better from that point of view, but others undoubtedly will s uffer. We can't know in total whether this will be a good or a bad thing, but we shouldn't just assume blindly that all will be well. We must try and plan and look on the gloomy side in a sense. We must assume the worst; we must take the worst case analysis, as it's called in England.It’s really quite a moot point today whether mankind will perish by flood or by frying, whether it'll be flooded out of existence or fried out of existence. For many decades after the Second World War, once the atom bomb had been invented, people were afraid above all of a nuclear war. Nu ­clear war was what it was feared, would wipe out mankind because, if there were Ð ° wÐ °r and nuclear weapons were used, and rockets with the nuclear warheads — â€Å"nukes† as the Americans call them – were used, then there's little hope for mankind, there'll be no victor in such a war.Everybody would be vanquished and, of course, the pollution would occur as a result, as well as the d evastation would probably, or could easily wipe out mankind, or if not wipe out mankind, then make lives, all life that was left unbearable, as to be almost not worth thinking about, not worth contemplating. There is, of course, an ever horrifying doomsday scenario, from which it's to be really gloomy about this sort of thing. This is the possibility of the Sun baking us all, frying us all.I haven't spoken about the possibility of flood from melting of the ice caps at the two Poles, but there's this other possibility which is opening up now as a result of man's activity in space and on earth, of course. Some of the hydrocarbons that we release into the atmosphere, es ­pecially those from the aerosol cans together, it is believed, with the rockets that we launch into space cause holes to appear, large holes to appear in the ozone layer above the Poles, above the Pole caps.And it is this layer, and this alone, incidentally, this ozone layer which prevents us all and which protects u s, in fact, from the harmful effects of the ultraviolet rays given off by the sun. Were there no ozone layer, Ð ¾f course, life would not be life as we know it. It would not be sustainable, and for our type of life it would be too hopeless, the rays, ultraviolet rays would harm us. We know this is so, when we go sunbathing we give caution not to expose our bodies too much to the effect of the sunrays. As if all this were not enough, we pollute our water in various other ways.We pollute it not only, that is to say, with oil slicks, spillages of one source or another. In many places, and certainly this is true in England, and probably true in other countries, I'm sure, it's true in many continental countries on the Mediterranean coast, for example, in many places untreated sewage is discharged directly into the sea, instead of being treated and used on the land, as would seem to be possible, of course. Side by side with this, we use huge quantities of chemical ferti ­lizers in our agriculture.Some of these fertilizers seep down into the underground water shelves and aquifers and finds its way into the river system together with chemicals discharged by factories, which are often sited near rivers and lakes, of course, straight into the river or the sea. We are polluting our waters with chemicals, with oil and with untreated sewage. And, of course, the oceans are huge, of course, they cover more of the earth surface than land, as we all know, but they can't endlessly prove a kind of flushing system, purification system for modern civilizations.The harmful chemicals which are deposited in one way or another into our rivers, our seas, our lakes and our oceans, get into parti ­cularly harmful metals, such as lead and cadmium; get into the food chain and the water supply. And, of course, we are absolutely depen ­dent on food, on safe food and water which is fit to drink. However, we mustn't be too gloomy about this, the mankind is capable not only of dirtying, of messing up the planet, it is also capable of cleaning it up, if he applies himself rationally to this problem.Many rivers have in recent years been cleaned up, that is to say, made a lot cleaner and the matter is clean as long as they would wish and they certainly have been improved immensely, the Thames in London is an example of this. Fish which have not been seen in the river Thames for decades are now reappearing there now. Of course, many of them are put in deliberately as the river is restocked. But the fish which would not have stood a chance of surviving in the Thames a few years ago are now able to survive in that environment, which is very encouraging, of course.There is another form of pollution I'd like to speak of briefly. It is not quite so harmful to the human race as a whole, but it is certainly deleterious, has a deleterious effect on the environment. It is one another environmental problem we have to deal with. This is the, what I call, noise pollution. This can come from various sources, for example, aircraft with the loud engines. These engines can be made quieter, and there is much effort going into making them less noisy all the time, but they are still enormously disruptive in their effects.Anybody who lives near an airport knows what a terrible noise these planes can make after they take off or when they are land ­ing. Some people can adapt to this, but not everybody can. It is not true that if you live near a noisy place, you'll adapt to it. I know from personal experience that a noisy traffic can have a continuously bad effect on one's health, because it disturbs one's sleep, keeps one awake and keeps one in a nervous state. Some people adapt to it, but many people, quite a large minority of people never adapt to noisy conditions.And the traffic noise and the bubble aircraft noise are the worst offenders in this respect. It's not only, of course, aircraft or road vehicles which cause a noise, but other things, such as the well-kn own ghetto blasters, as they call these, they are very loud hi-fi systems, or loudspeaker systems that they have in pubs and other places of entertainment. These are played at full blast, hence the name â€Å"blasters†, and they are very harmful to people's health. In the long run they can affect hearing.There is no doubt about it, scientists have shown that young people who are habitually exposed to very loud noises, to this deafening loud music, will in a course of years suffer an impairment in their hearing and can, in some cases, become deaf, which is a heavy price to pay for listening to loud rock music or something else of the kind. They can enjoy just as well at a lower volume surely, but the fashion today is to play these things as loud as possible, without regard for those around who, perhaps, don't want to hear these things.It's not uncommon for people in our country to play their transistors in their cars and then to open the car window and the sound comes out, and everybody hears whether they want to or not. I usually don't want to hear it. This is an offensive thing to do to one's fellow creatures to impose a sudden noise on them if, so to say, they don't want to hear. It's antisocial, to say the very least of it. It annoys me in ­tensely.And some shops where they sell hi-fi equipment will have that equipment, will have some music playing usually, usually junk music, I call it, playing very loud and such you can hear from the street. Why should I be, why should I be punished, as if my ears be afflicted with the sounds of music I don't wish to hear, which I don't regard in any way artistic or aesthetic, just because some other people are thoughtless, too thoughtless to turn the sound down. So we have created a problem, perhaps, of a nuisance. The same thing happens, of course, to transistors.Young people sometimes take a transistor with them, say, to a beach in the country and even in the town, and play it loud. And so all people are force d to listen to, are forced to hear it. This shouldn't be possible in fact, on our railways, I'm not sure about the buses, and other forms of public transport, certainly on our railways, it's illegal, it's technically illegal to play a transistor. It's perfectly acceptable to play one of these players, one of these personalized hi-fis which you wear, you just have earphones, walkmans, but not to play a transistor.We've created smokeless zones in our cities to rid ourselves of some of the pollution. Now, of course, we are not allowed to burn coal on our fires in most areas in England. In the country you still can have this kind of smoke, but in the towns one is not allowed to have an open fire which burns coal. One has to have a special smokeless fuel, and this, of course, has reduced the pollution and the fog and the smoke in the towns enormously. And even in my life-time I've noticed a huge difference in this respect.When I was a young man, it was common in November, particularly at the end of the year, to expe ­rience terrible fogs — â€Å"pea-soupers† we used to call them. And that was a mixture, of course, of industrial smoke, of smoke from all the chimneys in the houses and fog, and it really did look green, and the description of â€Å"pea-soupers† is very appropriate. It did look greenish, a horrible colour. It choked you, of course, and you got black deposits in your nose and so on. It was foul. People used to walk around with handkerchiefs and scarves wrapped around their noses and their eyes.They got into your eyes, as well, and it's really quite dreadful. We've managed to overcome that problem by the introduction of smokeless zones, I think some time in the late 1950s or early 60s. We could and should do something about the noise that we're creating, that is creat ­ing a nuisance for us. In a similar way, we could, in fact, impose re ­strictions on people. We have started in a small way but we need to go a lot further in th is respect. So all these problems, these problems of pollution are man-made problems.It is we, the human race who have caused these problems by failure to appreciate the extent of the damage we're doing to our environment by mismanagement, even when we do know the effects, we don't always take measures to secure a clean and safe environment. But we know now more and more of the matter, how very delicately balanced the ecology of our world is and that if we go on as we are doing, we might, well, disrupt it and alter it irreversibly, and to the detriment of all, all the human race. We've got to be extremely careful how we're moving in this respect.There is, as we say, only one spaceship — earth; we have only one planet, we are all in the same spaceship, all in the same boat, as we say. And we could perish unless we alter our attitudes, alter our industrial methods and ruthlessly punish those who are responsible for polluting parts of our Earth. And if we don't, I can quite trut hfully say that the sands of time are running out for mankind. *Sort some of the underlined vocabulary under the following headings (to have at least 5 items for each): a.words and phrases that show the attitude of people to environmental issues; b. the hottest environmental problems we are facing; c. the dramatic consequences of man’s activities; d. reasons for / causes of /sources of pollution and other ecological problems; e. ways of dealing with these problems; words and phrases that show the attitude of people to environmental issues; the hottest environmental problems we are facing; the dramatic consequences of man’s activities; reasons for / causes of /sources of pollution and other ecological problems; ways of dealing with these problems;